The cyclotomic-divisibility equidistribution conjecture for Fekete polynomials

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Let nn be a positive squarefree integer, let d>1d>1 be an integer not dividing nn, set d1=gcd(d,n)d_1=\gcd(d,n), and let

S=1adgcd(a,d1)=1.S=\\{1\leq a\leq d\mid \gcd(a,d_1)=1\\}.

Let FnF_n be the Fekete polynomial and let FS(x)=sSxsF_S(x)=\sum_{s\in S}x^s. The cyclotomic-divisibility equidistribution conjecture. The elements of 1angcd(a,n)=1\\{1\leq a\leq n\mid \gcd(a,n)=1\\}, reduced modulo dd, equidistribute in SS if and only if the dd-th cyclotomic polynomial Φd\Phi_d divides FnF_n. Equivalently,

xd1Fnφ(n)d1φ(d1)dFS.x^d-1\mid F_n-\frac{\varphi(n)d_1}{\varphi(d_1)d}F_S.

The proposition preceding this conjecture proves the equidistribution condition as a sufficient condition for cyclotomic divisibility, and the converse holds in all computed cases and in the cases covered by the cited theorem; its validity in general remains open.

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Primary source

Shiva Chidambaram, Ján Mináč, Tung T. Nguyen and Nguyen Duy Tân, “Fekete polynomials of principal Dirichlet characters”, arXiv:2307.14896 (2023).

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