The pants invariant conjecture for connected sums of S2×S2S^2\times S^2

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Let Ym=#m(S2×S2)Y_m=\#^m(S^2\times S^2), and let L3∗\mathcal{L}^*_3 denote its trisection pants invariant.

Connected-sum pants-invariant conjecture. The L3∗\mathcal{L}^*_3-invariant of YmY_m is equal to 9m9m.

The paper derives the lower bound L3∗(Ym)≥6m\mathcal{L}^*_3(Y_m)\geq 6m from minimal-genus trisections, but notes that those trisections can be reducible, so the available lower-bound results do not determine the invariant. Establishing the conjectured value requires new lower bounds for pants invariants of reducible manifolds.

References

Primary source

Román Aranda, Sarah Blackwell, Devashi Gulati, Homayun Karimi, Geunyoung Kim, Nicholas Paul Meyer and Puttipong Pongtanapaisan, “Pants distances of knotted surfaces in 4-manifolds”, arXiv:2307.13874 (2026).

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