The pants invariant conjecture for connected sums of S2×S2S^2\times S^2

Let Ym=#m(S2×S2)Y_m=\#^m(S^2\times S^2), and let L3\mathcal{L}^*_3 denote its trisection pants invariant.

Connected-sum pants-invariant conjecture. The L3\mathcal{L}^*_3-invariant of YmY_m is equal to 9m9m.

The paper derives the lower bound L3(Ym)6m\mathcal{L}^*_3(Y_m)\geq 6m from minimal-genus trisections, but notes that those trisections can be reducible, so the available lower-bound results do not determine the invariant. Establishing the conjectured value requires new lower bounds for pants invariants of reducible manifolds.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Román Aranda, Sarah Blackwell, Devashi Gulati, Homayun Karimi, Geunyoung Kim, Nicholas Paul Meyer and Puttipong Pongtanapaisan, “Pants distances of knotted surfaces in 4-manifolds”, arXiv:2307.13874 (2026).

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