The differential string trivialization conjecture for Witten Pfaffian lines

Let (M8+2,gMspin)(M_{8\ell+2},g_M^{\mathrm{spin}}) be a closed differential spin manifold, and let gMstringg_M^{\mathrm{string}} be a lift of its spin structure to a differential string structure. The associated Witten Pfaffian line is denoted by Pf(Wit(M,gMspin))\operatorname{Pf}(\operatorname{Wit}(M,g_M^{\mathrm{spin}})). The differential string trivialization conjecture. Such a lift gives a trivialization of this Pfaffian line up to multiplication by exp(i(MF4+2)R)\exp(i(\operatorname{MF}_{4\ell+2})_{\mathbb{R}}), so that the fractional reduced eta invariant is well-defined in

R((q))(MF4+2)R+2Z((q)).\frac{\mathbb{R}((q))}{(\operatorname{MF}_{4\ell+2})_{\mathbb{R}}+2\mathbb{Z}((q))}.

In terms of this invariant, the differential pushforward is given by the eta-invariant formula stated in the source. The conjecture addresses the failure of canonical Pfaffian-line trivializations for manifolds with boundary and is used to formulate the differential TMF\operatorname{TMF} pushforward.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Yuji Tachikawa and Mayuko Yamashita, “Anderson duality of topological modular forms and its differential-geometric manifestations”, arXiv:2305.06196 (2025).

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