Connected sum formula for ECH spectral invariants

Let (Y1,λ1)(Y_1,\lambda_1) and (Y2,λ2)(Y_2,\lambda_2) be closed connected contact three-manifolds with nonzero contact invariants, and let kk be a nonnegative integer. Write (Y1#RY2,λ1#Rλ2)(Y_1\#_{R}Y_2,\lambda_1\#_{R}\lambda_2) for their connected sum with parameter RR, and let ckc_k denote the kk-th ECH spectral invariant. Connected sum conjecture.

limR0ck((Y1#RY2,λ1#Rλ2))=max{ci(Y1,λ1)+cj(Y2,λ2)i+j=k}.\lim_{R\to 0}c_k((Y_1\#_{R}Y_2,\lambda_1\#_{R}\lambda_2))=\max\{c_i(Y_1,\lambda_1)+c_j(Y_2,\lambda_2)\mid i+j=k\}.

This conjecture predicts a max-convolution formula for ECH spectral invariants under connected sum, refining the connected sum computation of ECH at the module level. The statement is presented as a direction for future work, and its status is not resolved in the supplied text.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Luya Wang, “A connected sum formula for embedded contact homology”, arXiv:2305.01646 (2025).

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