Additional-term conjecture for moments of quadratic Dirichlet L-functions

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Let \EuScriptF\EuScriptD\EuScript F_{\EuScript D} be the family of real primitive quadratic Dirichlet characters χd\chi_d, with dd nonzero and squarefree, and let r≥4r\geq4. For integers N≥1N\geq1 and real Θ\Theta satisfying (N+1)−1<Θ<N−1(N+1)^{-1}<\Theta<N^{-1}, consider the rrth moment over ∣d∣<D|d|<D. Additional-term conjecture. As D→∞D\to\infty, there are polynomials Qn,r(x)Q_{n,r}(x) such that

∑χd∈\EuScriptF\EuScriptD∣d∣<DL(12,χd)r=∑n=1ND1/2+1/(2n)Qn,r(log⁡D)+O(D(1+Θ)/2).\sum_{\substack{\chi_d\in\EuScript F_{\EuScript D}\\\\ |d|<D}}L(\tfrac12,\chi_d)^r =\sum_{n=1}^ND^{1/2+1/(2n)}Q_{n,r}(\log D)+O\bigl(D^{(1+\Theta)/2}\bigr).

This asserts lower-order terms beyond the leading moment term, an expectation motivated by prior work and partially supported by smoothed third-moment results; the stated higher-moment formula is presented as a conjectural pattern.

References

Primary source

Jonas Bergström, Adrian Diaconu, Dan Petersen and Craig Westerland, “Hyperelliptic curves, the scanning map, and moments of families of quadratic L-functions”, arXiv:2302.07664 (2026).

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