Ismail's characterization conjecture for orthogonal polynomial sequences on the Askey–Wilson lattice

Let (Pn)n0(P_n)_{n\geq 0} be a monic orthogonal polynomial sequence and let π\pi be a polynomial of degree at most 22 independent of nn. Let Dq\mathcal{D}_q denote the Askey–Wilson operator on the lattice x=(qs+qs)/2x=(q^{-s}+q^s)/2. Suppose that

π(x)DqPn(x)=(anx+bn)Pn(x)+cnPn1(x).\pi(x)\mathcal{D}_qP_n(x)=(a_nx+b_n)P_n(x)+c_nP_{n-1}(x).

Ismail's characterization conjecture. Then (Pn)n0(P_n)_{n\geq 0} are continuous qq-Jacobi polynomials, Al-Salam–Chihara polynomials, or special or limiting cases of these families. More generally, if π\pi has degree s+1s+1 and the preceding condition is replaced by

π(x)DqPn(x)=k=rscn,kPn+k(x),\pi(x)\mathcal{D}_qP_n(x)=\sum_{k=-r}^{s}c_{n,k}P_{n+k}(x),

for positive integers rr and ss and a polynomial π\pi independent of nn, the same conclusion holds. This is a proposed characterization of the orthogonal polynomial sequences satisfying first-order relations involving the Askey–Wilson operator; the source presents it as Ismail's conjecture, and no resolution is supplied here.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

K. Castillo, D. Mbouna and J. Petronilho, “On classical orthogonal polynomials on lattices and some characterization theorems”, arXiv:2209.04615 (2022).

Additional references

4 papers in this index state this conjecture (2017–2022). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:2206.08375, arXiv:2202.02637, arXiv:1711.03349.

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