Kumar–Gangania conjecture on the third Hankel determinant for cardioid starlike functions

From papers

Let S\mathcal{S}_{\wp}^{*} be the class of functions ff analytic in the unit disk, normalized by f(0)=0f(0)=0 and f(0)=1f'(0)=1, such that

zf(z)f(z)1+zez.\frac{zf'(z)}{f(z)}\prec 1+ze^z.

For f(z)=z+a2z2+a3z3+f(z)=z+a_2z^2+a_3z^3+\cdots, let H3(1)H_3(1) denote the third Hankel determinant

H3(1)=a1a2a3\a2a3a4\a3a4a5,a1=1.H_3(1)=\begin{vmatrix}a_1&a_2&a_3\a_2&a_3&a_4\a_3&a_4&a_5\end{vmatrix},\qquad a_1=1.

Kumar–Gangania conjecture. If fSf\in\mathcal{S}_{\wp}^{*}, then the sharp bound is

H3(1)190.1111,|H_3(1)|\leq \frac{1}{9}\approx 0.1111\ldots,

with extremal function

f(z)=zexp(13(ez31))=z+13z4+29z7+.f(z)=z\exp\left(\frac{1}{3}(e^{z^3}-1)\right)=z+\frac{1}{3}z^4+\frac{2}{9}z^7+\cdots.

Kumar and Gangania had previously obtained the weaker bound H3(1)0.150627|H_3(1)|\leq 0.150627 for this class; the conjecture proposes the sharp value and an extremal function. Its resolution is not supplied in the source material.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Neha Verma and S. Sivaprasad Kumar, “A Conjecture on H_3(1) For Certain Starlike Functions”, arXiv:2208.02975 (2022).

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