Span conjecture for diagonal restrictions of Hilbert theta functions

From papers

Let FF be a totally real field of degree dd, and let MFθ{\mathcal{M}}_F^\theta be the subalgebra generated by theta functions associated with totally positive definite, Z\mathbb{Z}-unimodular OF{\mathcal{O}}_F-lattices of rank 8m8m. Write (MFθ)Δ({\mathcal{M}}_F^\theta)^\Delta for its image under diagonal restriction, where fΔ(τ)=f(τ,,τ)f^\Delta(\tau)=f(\tau,\ldots,\tau). The theorem established for d=2,3d=2,3 gives

(MFθ)Δ=MQ(4d/d2),d2=gcd(2,d).({\mathcal{M}}_F^\theta)^\Delta={\mathcal{M}}_\mathbb{Q}^{(4d/d_2)},\qquad d_2=\gcd(2,d).

Span conjecture. Equation (MFθ)Δ=MQ(4d/d2)({\mathcal{M}}_F^\theta)^\Delta={\mathcal{M}}_\mathbb{Q}^{(4d/d_2)} holds for any totally real field FF of degree dd. This predicts that diagonal restrictions of Hilbert theta functions generate the full algebra of elliptic modular forms of weight divisible by 4d/d24d/d_2. The statement is proved in the paper for degrees 22 and 33; its validity for arbitrary totally real fields remains open.

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Primary source

Gabriele Bogo and Yingkun Li, “Span of Restriction of Hilbert Theta Functions”, arXiv:2207.10922 (2022).

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