Random matrix prediction for regular primes in totally real abelian extensions

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Let F/QF/\mathbb{Q} be a totally real abelian extension of order mm, and suppose

Gal⁡(F/Q)≅⨁i=1nZ/miZ.\operatorname{Gal}(F/\mathbb{Q})\cong\bigoplus_{i=1}^n\mathbb{Z}/m_i\mathbb{Z}.

For primes p≫0p\gg 0 satisfying p∤m disc⁡Fp\nmid m\,\operatorname{disc}_F, write FF-regular for the condition that pp is χ\chi-regular for every character of Gal⁡(F/Q)\operatorname{Gal}(F/\mathbb{Q}). Regular-prime proportion conjecture. One estimates that

Prob⁡(p is F-regular)≈exp⁡(−∏i=1ngcd⁡(mi,p−1)2).\operatorname{Prob}(p\text{ is }F\text{-regular})\approx \exp\left(-\frac{\prod_{i=1}^n\gcd(m_i,p-1)}{2}\right).

This extends the character-by-character regularity heuristic to totally real abelian extensions and is presented as a prediction for sufficiently large unramified primes.

References

Primary source

Daniel Delbourgo and Heiko Knospe, “On Iwasawa λ-invariants for abelian number fields and random matrix heuristics”, arXiv:2207.06287 (2022).

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