Two-summand conjecture for polynomial images in upper triangular matrix algebras

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Let KK be an algebraically closed field, let p∈K[Fn]p\in K[F_n] be a polynomial in noncommutative variables, and let Tm(K)(t−1)T_m(K)^{(t-1)} denote the relevant (t−1)(t-1)st derived subspace of the upper triangular matrix algebra. Suppose that ord⁡(p)=t\operatorname{ord}(p)=t with

1<t<m−1.1<t<m-1.

Two-summand conjecture. Then

p(Tm(K))+p(Tm(K))=Tm(K)(t−1).p\bigl(T_m(K)\bigr)+p\bigl(T_m(K)\bigr)=T_m(K)^{(t-1)}.

The preceding theorem establishes that the image is contained in Tm(K)(t−1)T_m(K)^{(t-1)} and that every element of this space is a sum of some bounded number of image elements. The authors conjecture that two summands always suffice for m≥5m\geq 5 and 2≤ord⁡(p)≤m−22\leq\operatorname{ord}(p)\leq m-2; the claim remains open in the supplied text.

References

Primary source

Saikat Panja and Sachchidanand Prasad, “The image of polynomials and Waring type problems on upper triangular matrix algebras”, arXiv:2206.08827 (2023).

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