Symmetry conjecture for positive and negative volumes of Laplace eigenfunctions

From papers

Let (M,g)(M,g) be a smooth Riemannian manifold, and let ψλ\psi_{\lambda} be a real Laplace eigenfunction satisfying

Δgψλ=λψλ.-\Delta_g\psi_{\lambda}=\lambda\psi_{\lambda}.

Write vol\operatorname{vol} for Riemannian volume. Symmetry conjecture. The limit

vol({xM:ψλ(x)>0})vol({xM:ψλ(x)<0})1\frac{\operatorname{vol}(\{x\in M:\psi_{\lambda}(x)>0\})}{\operatorname{vol}(\{x\in M:\psi_{\lambda}(x)<0\})}\longrightarrow 1

holds as λ\lambda grows to infinity. This strengthens the known uniform quasi-symmetry result. It is disproved for nn-dimensional tori with n3n\geq 3, while it holds on the two-dimensional torus; whether it holds for other two-dimensional manifolds remains open.

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Primary source

Ángel D. Martínez and Francisco Torres de Lizaur, “Distribution symmetry of toral eigenfunctions”, arXiv:2205.14491 (2022).

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