The inversion-number conjecture for the expected first letter

Let SnS_n be the symmetric group, let inv(π)\operatorname{inv}(\pi) denote the number of inversions of π\pi, and let M(n,k)M(n,k) be the number of permutations wSnw\in S_n such that inv(w)=k\operatorname{inv}(w)=k. For fixed kk and n>kn>k, consider the expected value of the first letter conditioned on having kk inversions.

Inversion-number conjecture. The expected value is the rational function

E[π(1)πSn,inv(π)=k]=M(n+1,k)M(n,k).\mathbb{E}[\pi(1)\mid \pi\in S_n,\operatorname{inv}(\pi)=k]=\frac{M(n+1,k)}{M(n,k)}.

This is one of the proposed patterns for expected first letters conditioned on Mahonian statistics. The supplied text gives no evidence that the formula has been proved or disproved, so its resolution remains open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Peter Kagey, “Expected value of letters of permutations with a given number of k-cycles”, arXiv:2112.05281 (2021).

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