Asymptotic absence of type-II twin-prime bias

For residue classes aia_i and aja_j modulo 44, let δ2(x;4;aiaj)\delta_2(x;4;a_i\mid a_j) denote the type-II twin-prime bias function comparing the relevant twin-prime counts in the two classes.

Type-II bias conjecture. For any two residue classes aia_i and aja_j,

δ2(x;4;aiaj)=0.5as x.\delta_2(x;4;a_i\mid a_j)=0.5\quad\text{as }x\rightarrow\infty.

The conjecture predicts that the observed type-II bias eventually disappears, assuming infinitely many twin-prime pairs. Its status is open because twin-prime infinitude and the asserted limiting behavior are unproved.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Shaon Sahoo, “On twin prime distribution and associated biases”, arXiv:2111.09053 (2023).

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