Catlin's conjecture on rational approximations

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Let Δ1,Δ2,⋯⩾0\Delta_1,\Delta_2,\dots\geqslant0, define

Δq′=sup⁡m⩾1Δqm,\Delta_q'=\sup_{m\geqslant1}\Delta_{qm},

and let CACA be the set of x∈[0,1]x\in[0,1] for which ∣x−a/q∣<Δq|x-a/q|<\Delta_q holds for infinitely many pairs (a,q)∈Z×N(a,q)\in\mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{N}. Let φ\varphi be Euler's totient function. Catlin's conjecture. If

∑q=1∞φ(q)Δq′<∞,\sum_{q=1}^\infty \varphi(q)\Delta_q'<\infty,

then meas⁡(CA)=0\operatorname{meas}(CA)=0, while if

∑q=1∞φ(q)Δq′=∞,\sum_{q=1}^\infty \varphi(q)\Delta_q'=\infty,

then meas⁡(CA)=1\operatorname{meas}(CA)=1. Catlin's conjecture gives the expected generalization of Khinchin's theorem when non-reduced fractions are allowed. The source presents it as a conjecture following the Duffin–Schaeffer conjecture.

References

Primary source

Dimitris Koukoulopoulos, “Rational approximations of irrational numbers”, arXiv:2109.11003 (2022).

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