Asymptotic formula for the meromorphic 3D-index

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Let MM be a one-cusped hyperbolic 3-manifold, let M^\hat M be its end compactification, and let Xgeo\mathcal{X}^{\mathrm{geo}} be the relevant set of conjugacy classes of geometric-obstruction representations. For a non-real conjugate pair {[ρ],[ρ‾]}\{[\rho],[\overline\rho]\}, let zz be an associated algebraic solution, τ(z)\tau(z) its amplitude, and Vol⁡(ρ)=−Vol⁡(ρ‾)\operatorname{Vol}(\rho)=-\operatorname{Vol}(\overline\rho) its algebraic volume. Main conjecture. As −1/ℏ=κ→+∞-1/\hbar=\kappa\to+\infty,

IM,(0,0)(ℏ)=∣H1(M^;F2)∣(β(M)κ+8π∑{[ρ],[ρ‾]}⊂Xgeo∖XRgeoτ(z)κ⋅cos⁡(κVol⁡(ρ)+π4(N+−N−+Σ(ω))))+o(1).\begin{aligned} \mathcal{I}_{M,(0,0)}(\hbar)&=|H_1(\hat M;\mathbb F_2)|\Biggl(\beta(M)\kappa+\sqrt{8\pi}\sum_{\{[\rho],[\overline\rho]\}\subset\mathcal{X}^{\mathrm{geo}}\setminus\mathcal{X}^{\mathrm{geo}}_\mathbb{R}}\tau(z)\sqrt{\kappa}\\ &\qquad\qquad\cdot\cos\Bigl(\kappa\operatorname{Vol}(\rho)+\tfrac{\pi}{4}(N_+-N_-+\Sigma(\omega))\Bigr)\Biggr)+o(1). \end{aligned}

Here β(M)\beta(M) is the beta invariant, N+N_+ and N−N_- count positively and negatively oriented tetrahedra, and Σ(ω)\Sigma(\omega) is the Hessian signature. The conjecture predicts the full oscillatory asymptotic expansion of the meromorphic 3D-index; the source presents it as the Main Conjecture and gives no resolution evidence.

References

Primary source

Craig D. Hodgson, Andrew J. Kricker and Rafał M. Siejakowski, “On the asymptotics of the meromorphic 3D-index”, arXiv:2109.05355 (2025).

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