Irreducible characteristic polynomial conjecture for matrix Kloosterman sums

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Let aa be an n×nn\times n matrix over Fq\mathbb{F}_q, with characteristic polynomial PaP_a irreducible over Fq\mathbb{F}_q, and let α∈Fqn\alpha\in\mathbb{F}_{q^n} be an eigenvalue of aa. Denote by Kn(a,Fq)K_n(a,\mathbb{F}_q) the matrix Kloosterman sum and by K1(α,Fqn)K_1(\alpha,\mathbb{F}_{q^n}) the scalar Kloosterman sum. Irreducible characteristic polynomial conjecture. If pp is large enough, then

Kn(a,Fq)=(−1)n+1qn(n−1)/2K1(α,Fqn).K_n(a,\mathbb{F}_q)=(-1)^{n+1}q^{n(n-1)/2}K_1(\alpha,\mathbb{F}_{q^n}).

The proposed identity relates the matrix Kloosterman sum to a scalar Kloosterman sum over the degree-nn extension field in the regular semisimple case. The source does not provide evidence resolving this statement, and its status is therefore left open.

References

Primary source

Márton Erdélyi and Árpád Tóth, “Matrix Kloosterman sums”, arXiv:2109.00762 (2024).

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