Stability conjecture for higher Laplace eigenvalues on the sphere

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Let g0g_0 be a round metric of curvature one on S2\mathbb{S}^2. Given k≥2k\geq 2, let μ\mu be an admissible measure such that λk(S2,μ)=2\lambda_k(\mathbb{S}^2,\mu)=2. Then there exists a conformal automorphism Φ ⁣:S2→S2\Phi\colon\mathbb{S}^2\to\mathbb{S}^2 and m≤k−1m\leq k-1 distinct points p1,…,pm∈S2p_1,\dots,p_m\in\mathbb{S}^2 such that

8πk−λˉk(S2,μ)≥c∥dvg0+∑i=1m4παiδpi−Φ∗μ∥(C1(S2))∗28\pi k-\bar\lambda_k(\mathbb{S}^2,\mu)\geq c\left\|dv_{g_0}+\sum_{i=1}^m4\pi\alpha_i\delta_{p_i}-\Phi_*\mu\right\|^2_{(C^1(\mathbb{S}^2))^*}

for some constant c>0c>0 and positive integers αi\alpha_i satisfying ∑i=1mαi=k−1\sum_{i=1}^m\alpha_i=k-1. Higher-eigenvalue stability conjecture. The deficit from the sharp upper bound 8πk8\pi k controls the squared dual C1C^1-distance from Φ∗μ\Phi_*\mu to the measure consisting of the round area measure together with at most k−1k-1 weighted point masses, whose positive integer weights sum to k−1k-1. The proposed extension is motivated by the known upper bound and the limiting configuration of kk identical round spheres, but the argument is currently available only for k=1,2k=1,2.

References

Primary source

Mikhail Karpukhin, Mickaël Nahon, Iosif Polterovich and Daniel Stern, “Stability of isoperimetric inequalities for Laplace eigenvalues on surfaces”, arXiv:2106.15043 (2021).

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