Stability conjecture for higher Laplace eigenvalues on the sphere

Let g0g_0 be a round metric of curvature one on S2\mathbb{S}^2. Given k2k\geq 2, let μ\mu be an admissible measure such that λk(S2,μ)=2\lambda_k(\mathbb{S}^2,\mu)=2. Then there exists a conformal automorphism Φ ⁣:S2S2\Phi\colon\mathbb{S}^2\to\mathbb{S}^2 and mk1m\leq k-1 distinct points p1,,pmS2p_1,\dots,p_m\in\mathbb{S}^2 such that

8πkλˉk(S2,μ)cdvg0+i=1m4παiδpiΦμ(C1(S2))28\pi k-\bar\lambda_k(\mathbb{S}^2,\mu)\geq c\left\|dv_{g_0}+\sum_{i=1}^m4\pi\alpha_i\delta_{p_i}-\Phi_*\mu\right\|^2_{(C^1(\mathbb{S}^2))^*}

for some constant c>0c>0 and positive integers αi\alpha_i satisfying i=1mαi=k1\sum_{i=1}^m\alpha_i=k-1. Higher-eigenvalue stability conjecture. The deficit from the sharp upper bound 8πk8\pi k controls the squared dual C1C^1-distance from Φμ\Phi_*\mu to the measure consisting of the round area measure together with at most k1k-1 weighted point masses, whose positive integer weights sum to k1k-1. The proposed extension is motivated by the known upper bound and the limiting configuration of kk identical round spheres, but the argument is currently available only for k=1,2k=1,2.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Mikhail Karpukhin, Mickaël Nahon, Iosif Polterovich and Daniel Stern, “Stability of isoperimetric inequalities for Laplace eigenvalues on surfaces”, arXiv:2106.15043 (2021).

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