Total positivity of bivariate forest polynomials

Let fn,k(w)f^\sharp_{n,k}(w) be the entries of the exponential Riordan array with generating function G(t)=(ewT(t)1)/wG(t)=(e^{wT(t)}-1)/w, where T(t)T(t)) is the tree function, and define Fn(x,w)=k=0nfn,k(w)xkF_n^\sharp(x,w)=\sum_{k=0}^n f^\sharp_{n,k}(w)x^k. A polynomial matrix is coefficientwise totally positive when all minors have coefficientwise nonnegative coefficients; a polynomial sequence is coefficientwise Hankel-totally positive when all Hankel minors have coefficientwise nonnegative coefficients. Total positivities for the bivariate forest polynomials. (a) F=(fn,k(w))n,k0F^\sharp=\bigl(f^\sharp_{n,k}(w)\bigr)_{n,k\geq 0} is coefficientwise totally positive in ww. (b) F=(Fn(x,w))n0{\bm{F}}^\sharp=\bigl(F_n^\sharp(x,w)\bigr)_{n\geq 0} is coefficientwise Hankel-totally positive in x,wx,w. (c) F=(fn+1,1(w))n0{\bm{F}}^{\sharp\triangle}=\bigl(f^\sharp_{n+1,1}(w)\bigr)_{n\geq 0} is coefficientwise Hankel-totally positive in ww. The source verifies parts (a) and (b) only to finite orders and notes that (c) follows from (b); no general proof is given.

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Primary source

Alan D. Sokal, “Total positivity of some polynomial matrices that enumerate labeled trees and forests, I. Forests of rooted labeled trees”, arXiv:2105.05583 (2022).

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