Total positivity of bivariate functional-digraph polynomials

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Let Ψn(x,y)\Psi_n(x,y) be the generating polynomial for functional digraphs on [n][n], with weight xx for each cyclic vertex and weight yy for each component. Define ψn,kX(y)=[xk]Ψn(x,y)\psi^{\rm X}_{n,k}(y)=[x^k]\Psi_n(x,y) and ψn,kY(x)=[yk]Ψn(x,y)\psi^{\rm Y}_{n,k}(x)=[y^k]\Psi_n(x,y). A polynomial matrix is coefficientwise totally positive when all minors have coefficientwise nonnegative coefficients; a polynomial sequence is coefficientwise Hankel-totally positive when all Hankel minors have coefficientwise nonnegative coefficients. Total positivities for the bivariate functional-digraph polynomials. (a) The unit-lower-triangular matrix ΨY=(ψn,kY(x))n,k≥0\Psi^{\rm Y}=\bigl(\psi^{\rm Y}_{n,k}(x)\bigr)_{n,k\geq 0} is coefficientwise totally positive in xx. (b) The sequence Ψ=(Ψn(x,y))n≥0{\bm{\Psi}}=\bigl(\Psi_n(x,y)\bigr)_{n\geq 0} is coefficientwise Hankel-totally positive in x,yx,y. (c) ΨY△=(ψn+1,1Y)n≥0{\bm{\Psi}}^{{\rm Y}\triangle}=\bigl(\psi^{\rm Y}_{n+1,1}\bigr)_{n\geq 0} is coefficientwise Hankel-totally positive in xx. The claims extend the known positivity of the other coefficient matrix and its one-component column; the source gives no resolution.

References

Primary source

Alan D. Sokal, “Total positivity of some polynomial matrices that enumerate labeled trees and forests, I. Forests of rooted labeled trees”, arXiv:2105.05583 (2022).

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