Total positivity of the Schl"afli--Gessel--Seo polynomial matrix and sequences

For n,k0n,k\geq 0, let Pn,k(a,b)P_{n,k}(a,b) be the Schl"afli--Gessel--Seo forest polynomials, let Pn(x;a,b)=k=0nPn,k(a,b)xkP_n(x;a,b)=\sum_{k=0}^n P_{n,k}(a,b)x^k, and let Pn(a,b)=Pn,1(a,b)P_n(a,b)=P_{n,1}(a,b). A polynomial matrix or sequence is coefficientwise totally positive when all its minors have coefficientwise nonnegative polynomial coefficients; a sequence is coefficientwise Hankel-totally positive when all minors of its Hankel matrix have this property. Total positivities for the Schl"afli--Gessel--Seo polynomials. (a) The unit-lower-triangular polynomial matrix P(a,b)=(Pn,k(a,b))n,k0P(a,b)=\bigl(P_{n,k}(a,b)\bigr)_{n,k\geq 0} is coefficientwise totally positive jointly in a,ba,b. (b) The polynomial sequence P=(Pn(x;a,b))n0{\bm{P}}=\bigl(P_n(x;a,b)\bigr)_{n\geq 0} is coefficientwise Hankel-totally positive jointly in x,a,bx,a,b. (c) The polynomial sequence P=(Pn+1,1(a,b))n0{\bm{P}}^\triangle=\bigl(P_{n+1,1}(a,b)\bigr)_{n\geq 0} is coefficientwise Hankel-totally positive jointly in a,ba,b. These claims extend known total-positivity phenomena for forest triangles and their row-generating polynomials; the source gives no resolution and presents them as conjectures.

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Primary source

Alan D. Sokal, “Total positivity of some polynomial matrices that enumerate labeled trees and forests, I. Forests of rooted labeled trees”, arXiv:2105.05583 (2022).

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