Periodicity conjecture for Hankel determinants of extremal Dyck-path avoiding sets

From papers

Let m3m\geq 3 be an integer, let V={1,2,,m1}V=\{1,2,\dots,m-1\}, and let D(m,V)D^{(m,V)} denote the generating series for Dyck paths whose peaks avoid the heights in the congruence classes specified by (m,V)(m,V). Write H(D(m,V))H(D^{(m,V)}) for the sequence of Hankel determinants of this series.

Extremal-set periodicity conjecture. The sequence H(D(m,V))H(D^{(m,V)}) is periodic and has the form

H(D(m,V))={(1,0,,0m2,1,1)if m1,2(mod4),(1,0,,0m2,1,1,1,0,,0m2,1,1)if m0,3(mod4).H\big(D^{(m,V)}\big)=\begin{cases} (1,\underbrace{0,\dots,0}_{m-2},1,1)^* & \text{if }m\equiv 1,2\pmod{4},\\ (1,\underbrace{0,\dots,0}_{m-2},-1,-1,-1,\underbrace{0,\dots,0}_{m-2},1,1)^* & \text{if }m\equiv 0,3\pmod{4}. \end{cases}

This gives an explicit periodic sequence for the extremal avoiding set. The paper presents this as part of its investigation of periodicity; the concluding remarks state that many periodic cases remain outside the sufficient condition and pose broader questions about characterizing all pairs (m,V)(m,V) with periodic H(D(m,V))H(D^{(m,V)}).

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Hsu-Lin Chien, Sen-Peng Eu and Tung-Shan Fu, “On Hankel Determinants for Dyck Paths with Peaks Avoiding Multiple Classes of Heights”, arXiv:2103.06635 (2021).

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