Generalized Carmichael counting-function symmetry conjecture

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For an integer kk, let CkC_k be the set of positive integers nn such that n>max⁡(k,0)n > \max(k,0) and an−k+1≡a(modn)a^{n-k+1} \equiv a \pmod{n} for all integers aa. For squarefree k>0k>0, define the generalized Carmichael numbers by

Nk=Ck∖{kp:p≡1(modλ(k)gcd⁡(λ(k),k))},N_k=C_k\setminus\left\{kp:p\equiv 1\pmod{\frac{\lambda(k)}{\gcd(\lambda(k),k)}}\right\},

and set Nk=CkN_k=C_k for the other values of kk. Let

Nk(X)=∣Nk∩(0,X]∣.N_k(X)=\lvert N_k\cap(0,X]\rvert.

Generalized Carmichael symmetry conjecture. For all integers kk,

lim⁡X→∞N−k(X)Nk(X)=1.\lim_{X\to\infty}\frac{N_{-k}(X)}{N_k(X)}=1.

The conjecture is based on numerical comparisons of the counting functions and concerns the asymptotic relationship between generalized Carmichael numbers for opposite parameters. The source gives no resolution, so it remains open.

References

Primary source

Yongyi Chen and Tae Kyu Kim, “On Generalized Carmichael Numbers”, arXiv:2103.04883 (2021).

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