Conjecture on oscillations and coexistence in the two-sex predator-prey branching process

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Let {(Zn,Z~n)}n∈N0\{(Z_n,\widetilde{Z}_n)\}_{n\in\mathbb{N}_0} be a PP-2SDDBPO, with total population variables TnT_n and T~n\widetilde{T}_n, parameter μ\mu, and positive initial values i,j>0i,j>0. Oscillation and coexistence conjecture. For any initial values i,j>0i,j>0,

P(i,j)({lim inf⁡n→∞T~nTn≤μ<lim sup⁡n→∞T~nTn}∩{Tn→∞,T~n→∞})=0.P_{(i,j)}\left(\left\{\liminf_{n\to\infty}\frac{\widetilde{T}_n}{T_n}\leq \mu<\limsup_{n\to\infty}\frac{\widetilde{T}_n}{T_n}\right\}\cap\{T_n\to\infty,\widetilde{T}_n\to\infty\}\right)=0.

Moreover, if ρ2αm>ρ~2α~m~\rho_2\alpha m>\tilde{\rho}_2\tilde{\alpha}\widetilde{m}, then

P(i,j)({lim inf⁡n→∞T~nTn>μ}∩{Tn→∞,T~n→∞})=0,P_{(i,j)}\left(\left\{\liminf_{n\to\infty}\frac{\widetilde{T}_n}{T_n}>\mu\right\}\cap\{T_n\to\infty,\widetilde{T}_n\to\infty\}\right)=0,

and in particular

P(i,j)(Tn→∞,T~n→∞)=0.P_{(i,j)}(T_n\to\infty,\widetilde{T}_n\to\infty)=0.

The conjecture formalizes simulation-based expectations that the oscillation phase cannot persist indefinitely and that, when the predator growth parameter exceeds the prey growth parameter, coexistence has probability zero.

References

Primary source

Cristina Gutierrez and Carmen Minuesa, “A two-sex branching process with oscillations: application to predator-prey systems”, arXiv:2101.11658 (2021).

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