Parallelogram characterization of large intersections for admissible triples

Let GG be a countable discrete abelian group, and let (r,s,t)(r,s,t) be an admissible triple of homomorphisms or corresponding group elements. A quadruple (φ0,φ1,φ2,φ3)(\varphi_0,\varphi_1,\varphi_2,\varphi_3) forms a parallelogram when

φi+φj=φk+φl\varphi_i+\varphi_j=\varphi_k+\varphi_l

for some permutation (i,j,k,l)(i,j,k,l) of (0,1,2,3)(0,1,2,3). The triple has the large intersections property in the sense used for triple recurrence.

Parallelogram conjecture. The admissible triple (r,s,t)(r,s,t) has the large intersections property if and only if (0,r,s,t)(0,r,s,t) forms a parallelogram.

The paper proves sufficiency for admissible families arising by multiplication by integers and conjectures necessity in general; the condition characterizes quadruples of the form (0,φ,ψ,φ+ψ)(0,\varphi,\psi,\varphi+\psi) up to reordering and shifts.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Ethan Ackelsberg, Vitaly Bergelson and Andrew Best, “Multiple recurrence and large intersections for abelian group actions”, arXiv:2101.02811 (2021).

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