The explicit ghost conjecture for U5U_5

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For a=0,…,3a=0,\dots,3, define the ghost series

G(a)(w,t)=1+∑n=1∞gn(a)(w)tn∈Z5[w][[t]],G^{(a)}(w,t)=1+\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}g_n^{(a)}(w)t^n\in\mathbb{Z}_5[w][[t]],

where

gn(a)(w)=∏l≥2\l≡amod4(w−wl)mn(a)(l)g_n^{(a)}(w)=\prod_{\substack{l\geq 2\l\equiv a\bmod 4}}(w-w_l)^{m_n^{(a)}(l)}

with the exponents mn(a)(l)m_n^{(a)}(l) prescribed by the source. Set

wk=exp⁡(5(k−2))−1w_k=\exp(5(k-2))-1

and let Char⁡(U5,w,a)∈Z5[[w]][[t]]\operatorname{Char}(U_5,w,a)\in\mathbb{Z}_5[[w]][[t]] satisfy

Char⁡(U5,wk,a)=Char⁡(U5,k,a)\operatorname{Char}(U_5,w_k,a)=\operatorname{Char}(U_5,k,a)

for every weight kk. The explicit ghost conjecture. For every weight kk congruent to aa modulo 44, Char⁡(U5,wk,a)\operatorname{Char}(U_5,w_k,a) and G(a)(wk,t)G^{(a)}(w_k,t) have the same Newton polygon. This conjecture asserts that the explicitly constructed ghost series reproduces the Newton polygons governing the U5U_5 slopes; the source does not state a resolution.

References

Primary source

Nha Xuan Truong, “An explicit computation of the Hecke operator and the ghost conjecture”, arXiv:2011.07708 (2023).

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