Sankar's three-dimensional Catalan formula for reduced valid hook configurations

Let RedVHCk(Av3ki(312))\operatorname{RedVHC}_k(\operatorname{Av}_{3k-i}(312)) denote the set of 312312-avoiding reduced valid hook configurations with kk hooks on permutations with 2k+i2k+i points. Define

fk(x)=i=0k1RedVHCk(Av3ki(312))xi,f_k(x)=\sum_{i=0}^{k-1}\left|\operatorname{RedVHC}_k(\operatorname{Av}_{3k-i}(312))\right|x^i,

and let hk(x)=fk(x1)h_k(x)=f_k(x-1). Sankar's conjecture. For all k1k\geq 1,

fk(0)=hk(1)=RedVHCk(Av3k(312))=2(3k)!k!(k+1)!(k+2)!.f_k(0)=h_k(1)=\left|\operatorname{RedVHC}_k(\operatorname{Av}_{3k}(312))\right|=2\frac{(3k)!}{k!(k+1)!(k+2)!}.

The right-hand side is the kkth three-dimensional Catalan number; the source presents this as one of Sankar's conjectures about these counting polynomials, and the supplied material gives no resolution status.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Ilani Axelrod-Freed, “312-Avoiding Reduced Valid Hook Configurations and Duck Words”, arXiv:2010.11834 (2020).

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