The Graovac-Ghorbani index upper-bound conjecture for bicyclic graphs

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Let Bn′\mathcal{B}'_n be the family of all bicyclic graphs on nn vertices, and let G∈Bn′G\in\mathcal{B}'_n have order n≥8n\geq 8. The Graovac-Ghorbani atom-bond connectivity index is denoted by ABCGG(G)ABC_{GG}(G). Let HH be the graph obtained by adding n−4n-4 pendant vertices to one degree-33 vertex of K4K_4 with one edge removed. Upper-bound conjecture.

ABCGG(G)≤(n−4)n−2n−1+n−4n−3+2n−3n−2+22.ABC_{GG}(G)\leq (n-4)\sqrt{\frac{n-2}{n-1}}+\sqrt{\frac{n-4}{n-3}}+2\sqrt{\frac{n-3}{n-2}}+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}.

Equality holds if and only if GG is isomorphic to HH. Computational experiments suggest that this graph gives the maximum of the index among all bicyclic graphs for n≥8n\geq 8.

References

Primary source

Diego Pacheco, Leonardo de Lima and Carla Silva Oliveira, “On the Graovac-Ghorbani index for bicyclic graphs with no pendant vertices”, arXiv:2005.02141 (2020).

Additional references

2 papers in this index state this conjecture (2016–2020). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:1609.01406.

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