The majority nonnegativity conjecture for Legendre-symbol sums

Let pp be an odd prime, let 0α120\leq\alpha\leq\frac{1}{2}, and define

L(α,p)=nαp(np),L(\alpha,p)=\sum_{n\leq\alpha p}\left(\frac{n}{p}\right),

where (np)\left(\frac{n}{p}\right) is the Legendre symbol. Majority nonnegativity conjecture. For every 0α120\leq\alpha\leq\frac{1}{2},

lim infx+1π(x)#{px:nαp(np)0}12.\liminf_{x\to+\infty}\frac{1}{\pi(x)}\#\left\{p\leq x:\sum_{n\leq\alpha p}\left(\frac{n}{p}\right)\geq0\right\}\geq\frac{1}{2}.

Thus, for each such α\alpha, at least half of the primes asymptotically should satisfy L(α,p)0L(\alpha,p)\geq0. Numerical computations for several values of α\alpha suggest an even larger proportion, but no proof of the stated lower-density bound is given.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Alexander Kalmynin, “Long nonnegative sums of Legendre symbols”, arXiv:1911.10634 (2021).

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