The majority nonnegativity conjecture for Legendre-symbol sums

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Let pp be an odd prime, let 0≤α≤120\leq\alpha\leq\frac{1}{2}, and define

L(α,p)=∑n≤αp(np),L(\alpha,p)=\sum_{n\leq\alpha p}\left(\frac{n}{p}\right),

where (np)\left(\frac{n}{p}\right) is the Legendre symbol. Majority nonnegativity conjecture. For every 0≤α≤120\leq\alpha\leq\frac{1}{2},

lim inf⁡x→+∞1π(x)#{p≤x:∑n≤αp(np)≥0}≥12.\liminf_{x\to+\infty}\frac{1}{\pi(x)}\#\left\{p\leq x:\sum_{n\leq\alpha p}\left(\frac{n}{p}\right)\geq0\right\}\geq\frac{1}{2}.

Thus, for each such α\alpha, at least half of the primes asymptotically should satisfy L(α,p)≥0L(\alpha,p)\geq0. Numerical computations for several values of α\alpha suggest an even larger proportion, but no proof of the stated lower-density bound is given.

References

Primary source

Alexander Kalmynin, “Long nonnegative sums of Legendre symbols”, arXiv:1911.10634 (2021).

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