Zhou's orthogonality relation for Maass forms on GL(n)

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Fix n≥2n\geq 2. Let {ϕj}j=1,2,…\{\phi_j\}_{j=1,2,\ldots} be an orthogonal basis of Maass cusp forms for SL⁡(n,Z)\operatorname{SL}(n,\mathbb Z), with Langlands parameters α(j)\alpha^{(j)} and normalized Fourier coefficients Aj(M)A_j(M), and let Lj\mathcal L_j be the residue at s=1s=1 of L(s,ϕj×ϕj‾)L(s,\phi_j\times\overline{\phi_j}). For M=(m1,…,mn−1)M=(m_1,\ldots,m_{n-1}) and M′=(m1′,…,mn−1′)M'=(m'_1,\ldots,m'_{n-1}) in Z+n−1\mathbb Z^{n-1}_{+}, and a good test function hTh_T, define δM,M′=1\delta_{M,M'}=1 if M=M′M=M' and 00 otherwise. Zhou's orthogonality conjecture. For some constant 0<θ<10<\theta<1,

∑j=1∞Aj(M)Aj(M′)‾hT(α(j))Lj=δM,M′∑j=1∞hT(α(j))Lj+OM.M′(∑j=1∞hT(α(j))Lj)θ.\sum_{j=1}^\infty A_j(M)\overline{A_j(M')}\frac{h_T\left(\alpha^{(j)}\right)}{\mathcal L_j}=\delta_{M,M'}\sum_{j=1}^\infty\frac{h_T\left(\alpha^{(j)}\right)}{\mathcal L_j}+\mathcal O_{M.M'}\left(\sum_{j=1}^\infty\frac{h_T\left(\alpha^{(j)}\right)}{\mathcal L_j}\right)^\theta.

This error-term formulation implies the corresponding normalized orthogonality relation as T→∞T\to\infty. The relation describes asymptotic orthogonality of Fourier coefficients in the spectral family of Maass cusp forms for SL⁡(n,Z)\operatorname{SL}(n,\mathbb Z). The source states that the relation was proved for n=3n=3 by Goldfeld and Kontorovich, so the conjecture as stated for general n≥2n\geq2 is resolved according to the supplied status evidence.

References

Primary source

Dorian Goldfeld, Eric Stade, Michael Woodbury and Bingrong Huang, “An orthogonality relation for GL(4,R)”, arXiv:1910.13586 (2021).

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