Lemke Oliver–Soundararajan conjecture for consecutive prime residue patterns

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Let q≥3q\ge3 be a positive integer, let aa and bb be reduced residue classes modulo qq, and set h≡b−a(modq)h\equiv b-a\pmod q. Define

α(y)=1−qφ(q)log⁡y,ϵq(a,b)=#{0<t<h:(t+a,q)=1}−φ(q)qh.\alpha(y)=1-\frac{q}{\varphi(q)\log y},\qquad \epsilon_q(a,b)=\#\{0<t<h:(t+a,q)=1\}-\frac{\varphi(q)}{q}h.

Let Sq,0\mathfrak{S}_{q,0} denote the inclusion–exclusion modification of the modified singular series introduced in the preceding context, and define D(a,b;y)\mathcal{D}(a,b;y) by the sum in the statement below. Lemke Oliver–Soundararajan conjecture. The consecutive-prime counting function satisfies

π(x;q,(a,b))∼1q∫2xα(y)ϵq(a,b)(qφ(q)α(y)log⁡y)2D(a,b;y) dy,\pi(x;q,(a,b))\sim\frac1q\int_2^x\alpha(y)^{\epsilon_q(a,b)}\left(\frac{q}{\varphi(q)\alpha(y)\log y}\right)^2\mathcal{D}(a,b;y)\,dy,

where

D(a,b;y)=∑h>0\h≡b−a(modq)∑A⊂{0,h}∑T⊂[1,h−1](t+a,q)=1 ∀t∈T(−1)∣T∣Sq,0(A∪T)(qφ(q)α(y)log⁡y)∣T∣α(y)hφ(q)/q.\mathcal{D}(a,b;y)=\sum_{\substack{h>0\h\equiv b-a\pmod q}}\sum_{\mathcal{A}\subset\{0,h\}}\sum_{\substack{\mathcal{T}\subset[1,h-1]\\(t+a,q)=1\ \forall t\in\mathcal{T}}}(-1)^{|\mathcal{T}|}\mathfrak{S}_{q,0}(\mathcal{A}\cup\mathcal{T})\left(\frac{q}{\varphi(q)\alpha(y)\log y}\right)^{|\mathcal{T}|}\alpha(y)^{h\varphi(q)/q}.

This conjecture is intended to explain the observed biases among consecutive prime residue patterns modulo qq, while incorporating lower-order terms omitted in the original heuristic. The source attributes it to Lemke Oliver and Soundararajan and does not provide evidence of resolution.

References

Primary source

David Wu, “Nonuniform Distributions of Residues of Prime Sequences in Prime Moduli”, arXiv:1908.07095 (2019).

Additional references

3 papers in this index state this conjecture (2018–2019). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:1809.06158, arXiv:1803.10223.

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