Conjectured Laplacian spectrum of Sierpiński graphs

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Let S(n,k)S(n,k) be the Sierpiński graph, with n,k≥2n,k\geq 2, and let ff be the polynomial defined in the source's equation for ff. For a polynomial gg, write gjg^j for its jj-fold iterate.

Laplacian spectrum conjecture. The Laplacian spectrum of S(n,k)S(n,k) consists of the following eigenvalues:

  1. 00 with multiplicity 11.
  2. The zeros of fj(k−x)f^j(k-x), each with multiplicity
12(kn−j−2kn−j−1+k),\frac12\left(k^{n-j}-2k^{n-j-1}+k\right),

for j=0,1,…,n−1j=0,1,\ldots,n-1. 3. The zeros of fj(k−x)+2f^j(k-x)+2, each with multiplicity

12(kn−j−1−1)(k−2),\frac12\left(k^{n-j-1}-1\right)(k-2),

for j=0,1,…,n−2j=0,1,\ldots,n-2.

This conjecture extrapolates the explicitly computed Laplacian spectrum for the case n=2n=2 from empirical evidence; the polynomial ff and its iterates encode the spectral values at higher levels of the Sierpiński-type graph construction.

References

Primary source

Mohammad Farrokhi Derakhshandeh Ghouchan, E. Ghorbani, H. R. Maimani and F. Rahimi Mahid, “Some Algebraic Properties of Sierpiński-Type Graphs”, arXiv:1908.04037 (2020).

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