The generalized 2-adic valuation conjecture for weighted Catalan numbers

Let kk be a positive integer, and let Ln(k)L_n^{(k)} denote the weighted Catalan numbers with weight b(x)=(2x+1)2kb(x)=(2x+1)^{2k}. Let CnC_n be the Catalan numbers, let s2(n)s_2(n) denote the sum of the binary digits of nn, and let ξ2\xi_2 denote the 2-adic valuation.

Generalized 2-adic valuation conjecture. There exists a 2-adic integer αk\alpha_k and a nonnegative integer ckc_k such that

ξ2(Ln(k)Cn)=s2(n)+ξ2(nαk)+ck\xi_2(L_n^{(k)}-C_n)=s_2(n)+\xi_2(n-\alpha_k)+c_k

for all n2n\geq 2.

The authors present this as a generalization of Postnikov's conjecture and note that analogous behavior was not observed for other polynomial weight functions; the excerpt gives no proof or resolution.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Yibo Gao and Andrew Gu, “Arithmetic of weighted Catalan numbers”, arXiv:1908.03914 (2019).

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