Generalized distance formula for projections of arbitrary rank

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Let Mn(C)\mathbb{M}_n(\mathbb{C}) be the algebra of n×nn\times n complex matrices, let N(Cn)\mathcal{N}(\mathbb{C}^n) be the set of nilpotent operators, and let νr,n\nu_{r,n} denote the distance from the set of rank-rr projections in Mn(C)\mathbb{M}_n(\mathbb{C}) to N(Cn)\mathcal{N}(\mathbb{C}^n). Generalized distance formula. For every n∈Nn\in\mathbb{N} and each r∈{1,2,…,n}r\in\{1,2,\ldots,n\},

νr,n=12sec⁡(πnr+2).\nu_{r,n}=\frac{1}{2}\sec\left(\frac{\pi}{\frac{n}{r}+2}\right).

This extends the known distance formulas for projections of rank 11 and n−1n-1, and is motivated by computations for intermediate ranks in dimensions 44 and 55; no resolution status is supplied in the source.

References

Primary source

Zachary Cramer, “The Distance from a Rank n-1 Projection to the Nilpotent Operators on C^n”, arXiv:1907.09635 (2021).

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