The characterization of abelian periods for the slope [0;2‾][0;\overline{2}]

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Let α=[0;2‾]\alpha=[0;\overline{2}], and let a Sturmian word of slope α\alpha be a Sturmian word whose slope is α\alpha. Denote its abelian period set by the set of positive integers occurring as abelian periods of its factors, and write Qα+\mathcal{Q}^+_{\alpha} and Mα\mathcal{M}_{\alpha} for the sets defined in the paper.

Abelian-period conjecture. The abelian period set of a Sturmian word of slope α\alpha is

Qα+∪Mα.\mathcal{Q}^+_{\alpha}\cup\mathcal{M}_{\alpha}.

The conjecture concerns the characterization of all possible abelian periods of factors of a Sturmian word for the specific slope [0;2‾][0;\overline{2}]. The surrounding examples show that the possible periods depend heavily on the arithmetic nature of the slope; the proposed description is based on computer experiments.

References

Primary source

Jarkko Peltomäki, “Abelian periods of factors of Sturmian words”, arXiv:1905.06138 (2020).

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