Near-unimodality conjecture for major-index generating polynomials

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Let λ\lambda be a partition and let λ′\lambda' be its transpose. Let \SYT(λ)\maj(q)\SYT(\lambda)^{\maj}(q) denote the major-index generating polynomial of standard Young tableaux of shape λ\lambda. A polynomial is nearly unimodal when its coefficients satisfy the near-unimodality condition defined in the paper.

Near-unimodality conjecture. The polynomials \SYT(λ)\maj(q)\SYT(\lambda)^{\maj}(q) are nearly unimodal but not unimodal for partitions λ\lambda or λ′\lambda' in the following cases: any partition of rectangle shape with more than one row and column and more than 3030 cells; any partition of the form (k,2)(k,2) with k≥4k\geq4 and kk even; any partition of the form (k,4)(k,4) with k≥6k\geq6 and kk even; or any partition of the form (k,2,1,1)(k,2,1,1) with k≥2k\geq2 and kk even.

This was checked for all partitions of size up to 100100, as well as 14 additional special exceptions. The conjecture concerns the precise exceptional behavior of unimodality and remains open.

References

Primary source

Sara C. Billey, Matjaž Konvalinka and Joshua P. Swanson, “Asymptotic normality of the major index on standard tableaux”, arXiv:1905.00975 (2019).

Additional references

2 papers in this index state this conjecture (2014–2019). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:1408.3895.

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