Zhai–Shu–Hong conjecture on the Laplacian spread

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Let GG be a graph of order n≥2n\geq 2, and let μ1(G)≥⋯≥μn−1(G)\mu_1(G)\geq\cdots\geq\mu_{n-1}(G) be its Laplacian eigenvalues. The Laplacian spread is μ1(G)−μn−1(G)\mu_1(G)-\mu_{n-1}(G). Zhai–Shu–Hong conjecture.

μ1(G)−μn−1(G)≤n−1,\mu_1(G)-\mu_{n-1}(G)\leq n-1,

with equality if and only if GG or G‾\overline{G} is isomorphic to the join of an isolated vertex and a disconnected graph of order n−1n-1.

This is a Nordhaus–Gaddum-type spectral conjecture about the extremal spread of the Laplacian eigenvalues. The source attributes it to Zhai, Shu and Hong, with related attribution to You and Liu, and does not state a resolution.

References

Primary source

Xueyi Huang and Huiqiu Lin, “Signless Laplacian eigenvalue problems of Nordhaus-Gaddum type”, arXiv:1904.13225 (2019).

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