Quantization of the degree of maps from the sphere to the two-sphere

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Let X1,X2,X3∈Mat⁡(N×N,C)X_1,X_2,X_3\in\operatorname{Mat}(N\times N,\mathbb{C}) be self-adjoint operators depending on NN and satisfying

X12+X22+X32=\mathds1N×N.X_1^2+X_2^2+X_3^2=\mathds{1}_{N\times N}.

Assume that there is a constant cc such that

∥XiXj−XjXi∥≤cN\|X_iX_j-X_jX_i\|\leq\frac{c}{N}

for i,j∈{1,2,3}i,j\in\{1,2,3\}. Degree-quantization conjecture. Then

Tr⁡(X1[X2,X3])=2i3k+o(1),\operatorname{Tr}\bigl(X_1[X_2,X_3]\bigr)=\frac{2i}{3}k+o(1),

where k∈Zk\in\mathbb{Z} and ∣k∣≤32c(1+O(1/N))|k|\leq \frac{3}{2}c\bigl(1+O(1/N)\bigr). This is the matrix analogue of the integer degree of a map from a symplectic surface to S2S^2, suggesting that sufficiently commuting quantum-sphere coordinates retain a quantized topological invariant. The source gives no resolution.

References

Primary source

Joakim Arnlind, Jens Hoppe and Maxim Kontsevich, “Quantum Minimal Surfaces”, arXiv:1903.10792 (2019).

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