Emergence of the renormalized Gibbs measure

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Let d=2,3d=2,3, h=−Δ+κ>0h=-\Delta+\kappa>0, and 0⩽w^∈ℓ1(2πZd)0\leqslant \widehat w\in \ell^1(2\pi\mathbb{Z}^d). Let ν\nu be as in the definition of the adjusted chemical potential, and consider the Gibbs state Γλ=Zλe−Hλ/T\Gamma_\lambda=\mathcal{Z}_\lambda e^{-\mathbb{H}_\lambda/T} with

Hλ=∫Ωax∗(−Δ−ν)ax dx+λ2∬Ω×Ωax∗ay∗w(x−y)axay dx dy.\mathbb{H}_\lambda=\int_{\Omega}a_x^*(-\Delta-\nu)a_x\,dx+\frac{\lambda}{2}\iint_{\Omega\times\Omega}a_x^*a_y^*w(x-y)a_xa_y\,dx\,dy.

Emergence of the renormalized Gibbs measure. In the limit λ=T−1→0\lambda=T^{-1}\to0, one obtains the renormalized Gibbs measure in the sense that

Tr⁡∣k!TkΓλ(k)−∫∣u⊗k⟩⟨u⊗k∣ dμ(u)∣p→0,\operatorname{Tr}\left|\frac{k!}{T^k}\Gamma_\lambda^{(k)}-\int |u^{\otimes k}\rangle\langle u^{\otimes k}|\,d\mu(u)\right|^p\to0,

for every k⩾1k\geqslant1 and every p>d/2p>d/2. Here μ\mu is the renormalized classical Gibbs measure associated with the preceding definition of the renormalized interaction. This conjectural quantum-classical correspondence predicts convergence of all reduced density matrices in the stated Schatten classes, but the supplied text does not indicate whether it has been proved or remains open.

References

Primary source

Mathieu Lewin, Phan Thành Nam and Nicolas Rougerie, “Derivation of renormalized Gibbs measures from equilibrium many-body quantum Bose gases”, arXiv:1903.01271 (2019).

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