Voros connection formula conjecture for the Painlevé I WKB solution

Fix (t,ν)Dt×Dν(t,\nu)\in D_{t_\ast}\times D_{\nu_\ast} so that the Stokes graph has no Stokes segment. Let CC be a Stokes curve connecting a branch point ee and \infty, forming a common boundary of Stokes regions II and IIII, with IIII next to II counterclockwise around ee. Let ψ±J\psi_{\pm}^{J} be the Borel sum of ψ±\psi_{\pm} on region JJ, and let ψ~II\widetilde{\psi}_{\mp}^{II} be the Borel sum of the termwise analytically continued detoured WKB series described in the source. Voros connection formula conjecture. If

Reex4x3+2tx+u(t,ν)dx>0\operatorname{Re}\int_e^x\sqrt{4x^3+2tx+u(t,\nu)}\,dx>0

on CC, then

ψ+I=ψ+II+ψ~II,ψI=ψII.\psi_+^I=\psi_+^{II}+\widetilde{\psi}_-^{II},\qquad \psi_-^I=\psi_-^{II}.

If instead

Reex4x3+2tx+u(t,ν)dx<0\operatorname{Re}\int_e^x\sqrt{4x^3+2tx+u(t,\nu)}\,dx<0

on CC, then

ψ+I=ψ+II,ψI=ψII+ψ~+II.\psi_+^I=\psi_+^{II},\qquad \psi_-^I=\psi_-^{II}+\widetilde{\psi}_+^{II}.

The formula is expected to hold for the WKB solution of the BPZ equation, extending the usual Voros connection formula from Schrödinger-type equations; its validity is not proved in the supplied text.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Kohei Iwaki, “2-parameter τ-function for the first Painlevé equation -Topological recursion and direct monodromy problem via exact WKB analysis-”, arXiv:1902.06439 (2019).

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