Conjectural classification of near-equality for ribbon Schur functions

Let rαr_\alpha and rβr_\beta be ribbon Schur functions indexed by compositions α\alpha and β\beta, and let sνs_\nu be the Schur function indexed by the partition ν\nu. The notation 1m1^m denotes mm consecutive parts equal to 11, and reversal means reversing the parts of a composition. Suppose that

rαrβ=sν.r_\alpha-r_\beta=s_\nu.

Near-equality classification conjecture. Up to reversal of α\alpha and β\beta, the compositions α\alpha, β\beta and partition ν\nu are one of the five cases of Theorem 1.1, one of the five cases of its corollary, or one of the following six cases:

α=1c+d+1a(b1)1c,β=1c+d+1(b1)a1c,ν=ab2c1d,α=(b1)1c121c+da,β=(b1)1c+d21c1a,ν=ab2c1d,α=1ca(b1)1c121d,β=1c(b1)a1c121d,ν=ab2c1d,α=(ab+1)(b1)1c121c+d(b1),β=(ab+1)(b1)1c+d21c1(b1),ν=ab2c1d,α=2a121,β=212a1,ν=a42,α=231d+221,β=21d+2231,ν=33221d.\begin{aligned} \alpha&=1^{c+d+1}a(b-1)1^c,&\quad \beta&=1^{c+d+1}(b-1)a1^c,&\quad \nu&=ab2^c1^d,\\ \alpha&=(b-1)1^{c-1}21^{c+d}a,& \beta&=(b-1)1^{c+d}21^{c-1}a,& \nu&=ab2^c1^d,\\ \alpha&=1^ca(b-1)1^{c-1}21^d,& \beta&=1^c(b-1)a1^{c-1}21^d,& \nu&=ab2^c1^d,\\ \alpha&=(a-b+1)(b-1)1^{c-1}21^{c+d}(b-1),& \beta&=(a-b+1)(b-1)1^{c+d}21^{c-1}(b-1),& \nu&=ab2^c1^d,\\ \alpha&=2a121,& \beta&=212a1,& \nu&=a42,\\ \alpha&=231^{d+2}21,& \beta&=21^{d+2}231,& \nu&=33221^d. \end{aligned}

In particular, ν\nu must have the form ν=ab2c1d\nu=ab2^c1^d, equivalently ν32\nu_3\leq 2. This conjecture seeks a complete classification of when the difference of two ribbon Schur functions is a single Schur function; the five earlier cases are referenced through the paper's main theorem and corollary, while the six displayed cases extend the classification in general.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Foster Tom, “Classifying the near-equality of ribbon Schur functions”, arXiv:1810.00533 (2019).

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