Apéry-like coefficient formulas for squares of level-5 and level-7 supersingular polynomials

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For a prime pp, let ssp(5∗)(X)ss^{(5*)}_{p}(X) and ssp(7∗)(X)ss^{(7*)}_{p}(X) be the level-5 and level-7 supersingular polynomials, and let u5∗(n)u_{5}^{*}(n) and u7∗(n)u_{7}^{*}(n) be the Apéry-like sequences defined in the source. Let m5m_{5} and μ5\mu_{5}, and m7m_{7} and μ7\mu_{7}, be the quantities defined in the preceding level-5 and level-7 formulas.

Apéry-like supersingular-polynomial conjecture. For every prime p≥7p\geq7,

ssp(5∗)(X)2=(X2−44X−16)μ5∑n=02(m5+μ5)u5∗(n)X2(m5+μ5)−n(modp).ss^{(5*)}_{p}(X)^{2}=(X^{2}-44X-16)^{\mu_{5}}\sum_{n=0}^{2(m_{5}+\mu_{5})}u_{5}^{*}(n)X^{2(m_{5}+\mu_{5})-n}\pmod p.

For p=5p=5 and p≥11p\geq11,

ssp(7∗)(X)2=(X+1)μ7(X−27)μ7∑n=02(m7+μ7)u7∗(n)X2(m7+μ7)−n(modp).ss^{(7*)}_{p}(X)^{2}=(X+1)^{\mu_{7}}(X-27)^{\mu_{7}}\sum_{n=0}^{2(m_{7}+\mu_{7})}u_{7}^{*}(n)X^{2(m_{7}+\mu_{7})-n}\pmod p.

These conjectural identities connect supersingular polynomials with Apéry-like sequences arising from Heun representations of Eisenstein series. The source gives no resolution evidence.

References

Primary source

Tomoaki Nakaya, “The number of linear factors of supersingular polynomials and sporadic simple groups”, arXiv:1809.02363 (2018).

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