Conjecture on numerical ranges of composition operators with elliptic symbols

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Let DD be the unit disk, let H2(D)H^2(D) be the Hardy space on DD, and let CφC_\varphi denote the composition operator induced by an elliptic automorphism φ\varphi of finite order pp. Assume that the fixed point of φ\varphi is not 00.

Numerical-range conjecture. The numerical range of CφC_\varphi on H2(D)H^2(D) is the interior of the convex hull of an algebraic curve of class pp and degree p2−pp^2-p. Moreover, the real foci of the curve are exactly the eigenvalues of CφC_\varphi on H2(D)H^2(D), namely

{e2kπi/p}k=1p.\{e^{2k\pi i/p}\}_{k=1}^p.

This conjecture proposes a description of the numerical range in the higher-order elliptic case, extending the observed quadratic-curve behavior when the order is smaller. The source gives no resolution, so its status is open.

References

Primary source

Yong-Xin Gao and Ze-Hua Zhou, “Numerical Ranges of Composition Operators with Elliptic Automorphism Symbols”, arXiv:1804.00295 (2023).

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