Fundamental-solution conjecture for Helmholtz operators on spheres

Let d2,3,d\in\\{2,3,\ldots\\}. Write SRd\mathbf S_R^d for the dd-dimensional sphere of radius RR, and let Δ\Delta denote its Laplace--Beltrami operator. The functions SR,βd,(x,x)\mathsf S_{R,\beta}^{d,-}(\mathbf x,\mathbf x^\prime) and AR,βd,(x,x)\mathsf A_{R,\beta}^{d,-}(\mathbf x,\mathbf x^\prime) are the candidate functions defined in the paper.

Fundamental-solution conjecture. The candidate function SR,βd,(x,x)\mathsf S_{R,\beta}^{d,-}(\mathbf x,\mathbf x^\prime) is a fundamental solution for the Helmholtz operator (Δβ2)(-\Delta-\beta^2) on SRd\mathbf S_R^d. Similarly, the candidate function AR,βd,(x,x)\mathsf A_{R,\beta}^{d,-}(\mathbf x,\mathbf x^\prime) is an opposite antipodal fundamental solution for the Helmholtz operator (Δβ2)(-\Delta-\beta^2) on SRd\mathbf S_R^d.

These assertions identify the candidate kernels with fundamental solutions on spheres in every integer dimension d2d\geq 2; the supplied text does not state whether they have been proved or remain open.

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Primary source

Howard S. Cohl, Thinh H. Dang and T. M. Dunster, “Fundamental Solutions and Gegenbauer Expansions of Helmholtz Operators in Riemannian Spaces of Constant Curvature”, arXiv:1803.07149 (2018).

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