Rigidity Conjecture for generalized Ulam sets

Let U(a,N)U(a,N) be the generalized Ulam set with initial positive integers a,Na,N. For a positive integer LL, let cc range over the units (Z/LZ)×(\mathbb{Z}/L\mathbb{Z})^\times. Let A(x,y,s)A(x,y,s) denote the corresponding generalized interval component used in the decomposition, with integer parameters mil,pil,kil,rilm_{i_l},p_{i_l},k_{i_l},r_{i_l} and index parameter sil(l)s^{(l)}_{i_l}.

Rigidity Conjecture. For every positive integer aa, there exists an integer L1L\geq1 such that, for every c(Z/LZ)×c\in(\mathbb{Z}/L\mathbb{Z})^\times, there exists a positive integer N0c(modL)N_0\equiv c\pmod L such that for every NN0N\geq N_0 satisfying Nc(modL)N\equiv c\pmod L, one has a disjoint-union decomposition

U(a,N)=l=1il=1A(milN+pil,kilN+ril,sil(l)),U(a,N)=\bigcup_{l=1}^{\infty}\bigsqcup_{i_l=1}^{\infty}A\left(m_{i_l}N+p_{i_l},k_{i_l}N+r_{i_l},s^{(l)}_{i_l}\right),

with mil=kilm_{i_l}=k_{i_l} if and only if l=1l=1. This conjecture proposes eventual, residue-class-dependent rigidity for generalized Ulam sets; the preceding discussion says that existing rigidity theorems only control initial segments, while numerical data suggests this stronger global structure.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Joshua Hinman, Borys Kuca, Alexander Schlesinger and Arseniy Sheydvasser, “The Unreasonable Rigidity of Ulam Sets”, arXiv:1711.00145 (2017).

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