Rigidity Conjecture for generalized Ulam sets

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Let U(a,N)U(a,N) be the generalized Ulam set with initial positive integers a,Na,N. For a positive integer LL, let cc range over the units (Z/LZ)×(\mathbb{Z}/L\mathbb{Z})^\times. Let A(x,y,s)A(x,y,s) denote the corresponding generalized interval component used in the decomposition, with integer parameters mil,pil,kil,rilm_{i_l},p_{i_l},k_{i_l},r_{i_l} and index parameter sil(l)s^{(l)}_{i_l}.

Rigidity Conjecture. For every positive integer aa, there exists an integer L≥1L\geq1 such that, for every c∈(Z/LZ)×c\in(\mathbb{Z}/L\mathbb{Z})^\times, there exists a positive integer N0≡c(modL)N_0\equiv c\pmod L such that for every N≥N0N\geq N_0 satisfying N≡c(modL)N\equiv c\pmod L, one has a disjoint-union decomposition

U(a,N)=⋃l=1∞⨆il=1∞A(milN+pil,kilN+ril,sil(l)),U(a,N)=\bigcup_{l=1}^{\infty}\bigsqcup_{i_l=1}^{\infty}A\left(m_{i_l}N+p_{i_l},k_{i_l}N+r_{i_l},s^{(l)}_{i_l}\right),

with mil=kilm_{i_l}=k_{i_l} if and only if l=1l=1. This conjecture proposes eventual, residue-class-dependent rigidity for generalized Ulam sets; the preceding discussion says that existing rigidity theorems only control initial segments, while numerical data suggests this stronger global structure.

References

Primary source

Joshua Hinman, Borys Kuca, Alexander Schlesinger and Arseniy Sheydvasser, “The Unreasonable Rigidity of Ulam Sets”, arXiv:1711.00145 (2017).

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