An involution-restricted major-index symmetry for layered pattern pairs

Let ij\mathfrak i_j denote the increasing permutation of length jj, let dj\mathfrak d_j denote the decreasing permutation of length jj, and let 12[α,β]12[\alpha,\beta] denote the direct sum of permutations. For integers mm and k{0,,m}k\in\{0,\ldots,m\}, define

π1=12[ik,dmk],π2=12[dk+1,imk1].\pi_1=12[\mathfrak i_k,\mathfrak d_{m-k}],\qquad \pi_2=12[\mathfrak d_{k+1},\mathfrak i_{m-k-1}].

Let MIn(π;q)M\mathcal I_n(\pi;q) be the major-index generating function over involutions in Sn\mathfrak S_n avoiding π\pi. Involution-restricted layered-pair symmetry conjecture. For n0n\geq0,

MIn(π1)=q(n2)MIn(π2;q1).M\mathcal I_n(\pi_1)=q^{\binom n2}M\mathcal I_n(\pi_2;q^{-1}).

The symmetry is computationally confirmed for all m,n9m,n\leq9 and k{0,,m}k\in\{0,\ldots,m\}, and the paper reports that it does not appear to hold for other pattern pairs. The conjecture implies a further conjecture attributed to Dokos et al.; the case k=1k=1 was proved by Yan, Ge, and Zhang.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Samantha Dahlberg, “Permutation Statistics and Pattern Avoidance in Involutions”, arXiv:1709.08252 (2017).

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