Conjectural supercongruences for truncated hypergeometric series and the pp-adic Gamma function

Let p5p\ge 5 be a prime. For a rational number xx and a positive integer nn, write

3F2[a1,a2,a3b1,b2;z]n=k=0n(a1)k(a2)k(a3)k(b1)k(b2)kzkk!{}_3F_2\left[\begin{matrix}a_1,&a_2,&a_3\\[5pt]&b_1,&b_2\end{matrix};z\right]_n=\sum_{k=0}^{n}\frac{(a_1)_k(a_2)_k(a_3)_k}{(b_1)_k(b_2)_k}\frac{z^k}{k!}

for the truncated hypergeometric series, where (a)k(a)_k is the rising factorial, and let Γp\Gamma_p denote the pp-adic Gamma function. The three supercongruences. Modulo p3p^3,

3F2[12,13,231,1;1]p1{(1)p+12Γp(16)2Γp(13)2if p1(mod6),(1)p12p218Γp(16)2Γp(13)2if p5(mod6),{}_3F_2\left[\begin{matrix}\frac12,&\frac13,&\frac23\\[5pt]&1,&1\end{matrix};1\right]_{p-1}\equiv\begin{cases}(-1)^{\frac{p+1}{2}}\Gamma_p\left(\frac16\right)^2\Gamma_p\left(\frac13\right)^2&\text{if }p\equiv1\pmod 6,\\(-1)^{\frac{p-1}{2}}\frac{p^2}{18}\Gamma_p\left(\frac16\right)^2\Gamma_p\left(\frac13\right)^2&\text{if }p\equiv5\pmod 6,\end{cases} 3F2[12,14,341,1;1]p1{(1)p+12Γp(18)2Γp(38)2if p1,3(mod8),(1)p123p264Γp(18)2Γp(38)2if p5,7(mod8),{}_3F_2\left[\begin{matrix}\frac12,&\frac14,&\frac34\\[5pt]&1,&1\end{matrix};1\right]_{p-1}\equiv\begin{cases}(-1)^{\frac{p+1}{2}}\Gamma_p\left(\frac18\right)^2\Gamma_p\left(\frac38\right)^2&\text{if }p\equiv1,3\pmod 8,\\(-1)^{\frac{p-1}{2}}\frac{3p^2}{64}\Gamma_p\left(\frac18\right)^2\Gamma_p\left(\frac38\right)^2&\text{if }p\equiv5,7\pmod 8,\end{cases}

and

3F2[12,16,561,1;1]p1{Γp(112)2Γp(512)2if p1(mod4),5p2144Γp(112)2Γp(512)2if p3(mod4).{}_3F_2\left[\begin{matrix}\frac12,&\frac16,&\frac56\\[5pt]&1,&1\end{matrix};1\right]_{p-1}\equiv\begin{cases}-\Gamma_p\left(\frac1{12}\right)^2\Gamma_p\left(\frac5{12}\right)^2&\text{if }p\equiv1\pmod 4,\\-\frac{5p^2}{144}\Gamma_p\left(\frac1{12}\right)^2\Gamma_p\left(\frac5{12}\right)^2&\text{if }p\equiv3\pmod 4.\end{cases}

These are numerical conjectures extending known modulo-p2p^2 supercongruences; the stated context identifies the case a=12a=-\frac12 as already extended modulo p3p^3 by Long and Ramakrishna, while these three cases remain conjectural in the source.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Ji-Cai Liu, “Supercongruences involving p-adic Gamma functions”, arXiv:1611.07686 (2018).

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