Extrapolated tiling counts for rectangles
Let denote the number of ways to tile an rectangle using squares and squares, with exactly squares of size . For , the extrapolated tiling-count conjecture.
These formulas are extrapolated from the computed database of tilings; their general validity is not established in the supplied text.
References
Primary source
Richard J. Mathar, “Tiling n X m rectangles with 1 X 1 and s X s squares”, arXiv:1609.03964 (2016).
Progress summary
The formulas remain computational conjectures, while a posted but independently unverified argument claims a general counting proof covering them.
Mathar’s 2016 paper states the three formulas for rectangles with as Conjecture 2, obtained by extrapolating computed tiling data rather than proving them.
Posted attempt
An unverified argument claims a uniform enumeration for , with , that specializes at to all three conjectured formulas; it also claims companion formulas for . The argument has not been independently verified.
Current status (as of August 2026): The formulas remain unproved in the published source, while a posted general enumeration gives claimed progress but has no independent verification.
Sources
Solutions 1
ProofThis solution needs a summarySee full solution
In fact, both families of conjectures follow from the following uniform enumeration. Let and put
Then
A large square is determined by its upper-left corner , where and . Two such squares are disjoint precisely when
Vertical separation is therefore possible only between boundary rows and . The number of unordered column pairs with separation at least is
Moreover, since , three pairwise horizontally separated squares cannot occur.
For two squares, vertically separated pairs contribute . For each of the horizontally separated column pairs there are ordered row choices, exactly two of which were already counted vertically. This gives the first formula.
For three squares supported entirely on boundary rows, choose which row carries two squares, its separated column pair, and the opposite-row column. This gives . Otherwise exactly one square occupies an interior row. For its column , write
All such columns lie on one side of and have mutual separation less than , so the remaining two squares must occupy the two different boundary rows. Their columns can be chosen independently in ways. The nonzero values of are at one end and at the other, whence
There are interior rows, proving the second formula.
For four squares, an interior-row square can coexist with at most two others. Thus all four lie on the boundary rows, with exactly two on each row. The separated column pair on each boundary row can be chosen independently, yielding .
Taking , so , gives exactly
for every . The same theorem with also gives , , and , settling the companion formulas for rectangles.