q-Delannoy positivity conjecture

For positive integers m,n,rm,n,r, let Dq(m,k)D_q(m,k) and Dq1(m,k)D_{q^{-1}}(m,k) be the natural qq-Delannoy numbers defined by

Dq(m,n)=j=0nq(j2)[nj][n+mjn],D_q(m,n)=\sum_{j=0}^{n}q^{\binom{j}{2}}{n\brack j}{n+m-j\brack n},

with Dq1(m,n)=qmnj=0nq(j+12)[nj][n+mjn]D_{q^{-1}}(m,n)=q^{-mn}\sum_{j=0}^{n}q^{\binom{j+1}{2}}{n\brack j}{n+m-j\brack n}. q-Delannoy positivity conjecture. Each of the following is a Laurent polynomial in qq with non-negative integer coefficients:

k=0n1(1qm)(1qm+1)(1q2k+1)(1q2)(1qn)2Dq(m,k)Dq1(m,k)qk,\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\frac{(1-q^m)(1-q^{m+1})(1-q^{2k+1})}{(1-q^2)(1-q^n)^2}D_q(m,k)D_{q^{-1}}(m,k)q^{-k}, k=0n11q2k+11qnDq(m,k)rDq1(m,k)rqk,\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\frac{1-q^{2k+1}}{1-q^n}D_q(m,k)^rD_{q^{-1}}(m,k)^rq^{-k},

and

k=0n1(1)nk11q2k+11qnDq(m,k)rDq1(m,k)rq(k2).\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}(-1)^{n-k-1}\frac{1-q^{2k+1}}{1-q^n}D_q(m,k)^rD_{q^{-1}}(m,k)^rq^{\binom{k}{2}}.

The claim extends the paper's integer-valued polynomial phenomena to a proposed qq-analogue. It is left open because the authors lack a sufficiently useful single-sum expression for the product of the two qq-Delannoy numbers.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Victor J. W. Guo, “Proof of Sun's conjectures on integer-valued polynomials”, arXiv:1601.04250 (2017).

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