Universal Painlevé-I2 scaling conjecture for generalized KP wave breaking

Consider the generalized KP equation

(ut+unux+ϵ2uxxx)x=±uyy,(u_t+u^n u_x+\epsilon^2u_{xxx})_x=\pm u_{yy},

with ϵ\epsilon-independent initial data u(x,y,0;ϵ)=u0(x,y)u(x,y,0;\epsilon)=u_0(x,y), and assume its solution is at least C4C^4 for t>0t>0. Let (xc,yc,tc)(x_c,y_c,t_c) be the critical point of the corresponding generalized dKP solution, let uc=u(xc,yc,tc)u_c=u(x_c,y_c,t_c), and let XX and TT be the shifted variables defined in the source. Set κ=36Gξξξctc4\kappa=-36G^c_{\xi\xi\xi}t_c^4. Universal Painlevé-I2 scaling conjecture. In the limit ϵ0\epsilon\to0, with xxcx\to x_c, yycy\to y_c, and ttct\to t_c so that X/ϵ6/7X/\epsilon^{6/7}, T/ϵ4/7T/\epsilon^{4/7}, and (yyc)/ϵ2/7(y-y_c)/\epsilon^{2/7} remain finite, the solution has the asymptotic expansion

u(x,y,t;ϵ)=uc+6nucn1(ϵ2κ2)1/7U(X(κϵ6)1/7,T(κ3ϵ4)1/7)+yˉ(FyFξGξξyGξξξ)+O(ϵ4/7),u(x,y,t;\epsilon)=u_c+\frac{6}{nu_c^{n-1}}\left(\frac{\epsilon^2}{\kappa^2}\right)^{1/7}U\left(\frac{X}{(\kappa\epsilon^6)^{1/7}},\frac{T}{(\kappa^3\epsilon^4)^{1/7}}\right)+\bar y\left(F_y-F_\xi\frac{G_{\xi\xi y}}{G_{\xi\xi\xi}}\right)+O(\epsilon^{4/7}),

where UU is the specified particular solution of the second Painlevé-I equation. This conjectures a universal local profile at the first critical point, extending the one-dimensional KdV/Painlevé-I2 mechanism to generalized KP equations; its rigorous validity remains open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Boris Dubrovin, Tamara Grava and Christian Klein, “On critical behaviour in generalized Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equations”, arXiv:1510.01580 (2015).

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