Gessel's conjectured gamma-coefficient inequality

Let D4AEnD4AE_n denote the symmetric group on nn letters. Let D4AEn(231)D4AE_n(231) be the set of permutations avoiding the pattern 231231, and let Sn(t)S_n(t) be its descent polynomial. Write

Sn(t)=kγn,kStk(1+t)n12k.S_n(t)=\sum_k \gamma^S_{n,k}t^k(1+t)^{n-1-2k}.

Let D4AEn,i,jD4AE_{n,i,j} be the coefficients in the expansion defining Gessel's gamma quantities. Gessel's conjectured inequality. For every nn and every kk,

γn,k,n12kγn,kS.\gamma_{n,k,n-1-2k}\geq \gamma^S_{n,k}.

This inequality compares the gamma coefficients associated with Gessel's refinement to those of the descent polynomial on 231231-avoiding permutations. The source presents it as a conjectured inequality; its status is not established in the supplied text.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Shishuo Fu, Zhicong Lin and Jiang Zeng, “On two unimodal descent polynomials”, arXiv:1507.05184 (2019).

Additional references

3 papers in this index state this conjecture (2006–2015). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:1210.3799, arXiv:math/0610185.

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